KILASTOTABUAN.COM, JAKARTA – Covid-19 dapat menyerang paru-paru sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan pada organ pernapasan tersebut. Kerusakan ini dapat diketahui dengan munculnya bercak putih atau kabut pada hasil rontgen toraks atau dada pasien Covid-19.
Selain hasil rontgen toraks, muncul pula sejumlah tanda paru-paru berkabut pada pasien Covid-19. Tanda-tanda itu dapat berupa gejala yang dirasakan saat bernapas dan juga nyeri pada dada.
“Frekuensi napas melemah, saturasi oksigen menurun, nyeri dada, bisa jadi tanda perburukan pada paru-paru pasien Covid-19,” kata Dokter spesialis paru dari Divisi Infeksi Departemen Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi FKUI, Erlina Burhan kepada CNNIndonesia.com, Senin (26/7).
Berikut 3 tanda paru-paru berkabut pada pasien Covid-19:
1. Frekuensi napas melemah
Pada pasien Covid-19 dengan pneumonia atau paru-paru terinfeksi makin membesar, maka akan muncul gejala sesak napas dan frekuensi napas melemah.
Frekuensi napas yang lebih dari 24 kali per menit menunjukkan tanda kesulitan bernapas karena infeksi pada paru meluas.
“Dihitung kalau sudah lebih dari 24 kali per menit itu masuk sesak napas dan harus segera dibawa ke fasilitas kesehatan,” ucap Erlina.
2. Saturasi oksigen menurun
Saturasi oksigen normal berada pada kisaran 95-100 persen. Pada pasien Covid-19, saturasi oksigen bisa menurun hingga dibawah 93 persen.
Jika saturasi oksigen sudah di bawah angka 93 persen, maka pasien berada dalam kondisi sesak napas. Hal ini bisa disebabkan karena infeksi pada paru semakin meluas, sehingga pasien harus segera mendapat penanganan medis di fasilitas kesehatan.
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3. Dada sesak
Menurut Erlina, selain kemungkinan karena infeksi SARS-CoV-2 pada paru semakin luas, dada terasa sesak bisa jadi tanda klinis pembekuan darah.
Jika dada sesak disertai disertai frekuensi napas melemah, maka pasien sedang mengalami perburukan dan harus dilarikan ke rumah sakit.
“Dada sesak, kaki bengkak, bisa jadi tanda klinis pembekuan darah, jika disertai napas pendek dan frekuensi napas lemah maka harus segera ke fasilitas kesehatan,” tuturnya.
Untuk memastikan keadaan pasien Covid-19, pasien akan menjalani rontgen toraks. Rontgen toraks bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pasien mengalami pneumonia atau kelainan paru lainnya. Foto rontgen akan memperlihatkan seberapa luas SARS-CoV-2 menginfeksi paru-paru.
Hasil rontgen akan menunjukkan bercak putih atau berkabut pada paru-paru. Semakin banyak bercak putih, berarti semakin luas pula infeksi virus.
Gambaran rontgen toraks yang memperlihatkan warna putih pada paru-paru ini biasa disebut ground glass opacity (GGO), kondisi ini terjadi ketika seseorang mengalami infeksi paru, pneumonia, edema paru, atau infeksi Covid-19. Pada pasien Covid-19, kondisi ini bisa berakibat fatal jika tidak segera mendapat perawatan.
Di sisi lain, tidak semua pasien Covid-19 perlu melakukan rontgen toraks. Dokter spesialis paru, Agus Dwi Susanto mengatakan pemeriksaan lanjutan seperti rontgen toraks hanya diperlukan pasien Covid-19 bergejala dan harus berdasarkan saran dokter.
“Pemeriksaan radiologi, dada, darah, itu disarankan untuk pasien Covid-19 yang bergejala. Orang tanpa gejala enggak perlu pemeriksaan ini, kecuali dalam perjalanan isolasi mandiri ada gejala perburukan, baru disarankan rontgen,” kata Agus saat dihubungi CNNIndonesia.com, beberapa waktu lalu. (*)
Sumber: CNN Indonesia
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